Nodakenin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in macrophage cells by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 and nuclear factor-?B pathways and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock.

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Nodakenin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in macrophage cells by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 and nuclear factor-?B pathways and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock.

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Sep;342(3):654-64

Authors: Rim HK, Cho W, Sung SH, Lee KT

Abstract
Nodakenin, a coumarin isolated from the roots of Angelicae gigas, has been reported to possess neuroprotective, antiaggregatory, antibacterial, and memory-enhancing effects. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of nodakenin by examining its in vitro inhibitory effects on inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and mouse peritoneal macrophages and its in vivo effects on LPS-induced septic shock in mice. Our results indicate that nodakenin concentration-dependently inhibits iNOS and COX-2 at the protein, mRNA, and promoter binding levels, and these inhibitions cause attendant decreases in the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E? (PGE?). Furthermore, we found that nodakenin inhibits the production and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1? induced by LPS. Molecular data revealed that nodakenin suppressed the transcriptional activity and translocation of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) by inhibiting inhibitory ?B-? degradation and I?B kinase-?/? phosphorylation. In addition, nodakenin was found to significantly inhibit the LPS-induced binding of transforming growth factor-?-activated kinase 1 to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) by reducing TRAF6 ubiquitination. Pretreatment with nodakenin reduced the serum levels of NO, PGE?, and proinflammatory cytokines and increased the survival rate of mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia. Taken together, our data suggest that nodakenin down-regulates the expression of the proinflammatory iNOS, COX-2, TNF-?, IL-6, and IL-1? genes in macrophages by interfering with the activation of TRAF6, thus preventing NF-?B activation.

PMID: 22637723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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